In the global race to develop artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, Chinese censorship may hamper its competitiveness and pose compliance, reputational and other cyber risks for multinational organizations that use Chinese chatbots abroad, especially if they operate in China. In November 2022, U.S. firm OpenAI's release of ChatGPT kicked off a global race to develop similar AI chatbots, heightening technological competition between the United States and China in particular. Following ChatGPT's introduction into the market, several Chinese companies raced to release their own models, such as internet company Baidu, whose Ernie Bot was unveiled in March, though it is only available to those who apply for and receive an access code and is still awaiting official governmental approval....
