Assessing Saudi Arabia's Foreign Policy During the Israel-Hamas War and Beyond

While full Saudi normalization with Israel remains contingent on a credible path to a Palestinian state, Riyadh will continue to advance diplomatic relations with Israel progressively and to deepen defense ties with the United States while maintaining its cautious outreach to Iran. Persistent regional security threats may, however, hinder the Saudi efforts, possibly even threatening its Vision 2030 economic diversification project....