Congo: Kinshasa Ends the M23 Rebellion by Force

The M23 rebel group ended its rebellion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's eastern province of North Kivu on Nov. 4. Leaders of the rebel group declared an end to the fighting after Congolese forces, backed by elements of a U.N. intervention brigade, assaulted the last remaining M23 positions along the Ugandan border. Key rebel leaders, including military chief Sultani Makenga, reportedly fled across the border into Uganda or Rwanda while the remaining fighters in the Congo surrendered. By ending the rebellion through military means rather than a negotiated solution, Kinshasa will now be able to dictate the terms of demobilizing fighters and dismantling the rebel group.