Although Russia is growing more likely to target Europe's offshore energy infrastructure, Moscow will likely seek to avoid excessive economic or societal disruptions that would significantly heighten escalatory risks. In recent weeks, European governments and media have warned of increasingly aggressive and dangerous actions from Russia in its now months-long sabotage, espionage and destabilization campaign across the Continent. On Oct. 14, Thomas Haldewang, head of Germany's domestic intelligence service, warned the German parliament about "aggressive behavior" by the Russian intelligence services, noting a rise in both the quantity and sophistication of espionage and sabotage operations by Russian actors in Germany and stressing that Moscow is willing to "put human lives at risk" as part of these activities. Striking a similar tone, Ken McCallum, head of the United Kingdom's domestic security and counter-intelligence agency MI5, noted on Oct. 8 that Russia's military intelligence agency GRU is conducting sabotage operations in the...
