Venezuela's Colectivos: One of Many Problems for Maduro

A recent dispute between the Venezuelan government and members of a pro-government political patronage group, known as a colectivo, has exposed potential problems for Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro. The incident demonstrated Maduro's inability to exercise definitive control over the colectivos, which function as auxiliary security forces for the state. Fortunately for Maduro, he still has the approval of the country's armed forces, which have so far ensured his continued rule. However, the deteriorating national economy, Maduro's low public approval and potential splits within the ruling party will all pose threats to the Venezuelan government over the next several years. Unable to address any of these issues conclusively, Maduro is likely to mitigate the threats by maintaining military support through political appointments and direct benefits.