Assessments

The Russian S-400 is arguably one of the very best all-around strategic SAM systems in operation today, and an even better replacement in the form of the S-500 is currently in development.

Long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems such as the S-300, the S-400 and the in-development S-500 are fearsome weapons, but to use them most effectively, countries like Turkey and Syria must consider how theoretical capabilities align with practical realities.

Why the S-400 Missile is Highly Effective — If Used Correctly

Why the S-400 Missile is Highly Effective -- If Used Correctly

China

Russia

Syria

Turkey

Environment, Science & Technology

Military & Security

Russian long-range surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) are dominating the headlines. The country's S-400 SAM systems have landed in Turkey and its S-300 SAMs have been exported to Syria. There have also been public discussions about whether various Gulf states may buy long-range Russian air defense systems or if Iran may purchase S-400s to bolster its air defenses. Given the system's power, it's no wonder that such sales are making headlines. But the reality remains that the value of long-range SAMs does not directly equal their theoretical capabilities, depending far more on who is using the system -- and how.

ASSESSMENTS

Why the S-400 Missile is Highly Effective — If Used Correctly