United States

Iran

Israel

Saudi Arabia

Economics

Energy

Military & Security

Saudi Aramco CEO Amin Nasser said the company would be able to resume about 70% of its total oil shipments to customers within days by boosting exports from the Red Sea Yanbu oil terminal, the Financial Times reported on March 10.

Saudi Arabia: Saudi Aramco To Restore 70% of Crude Oil Exports After Whirlwind Oil Trading Day

Pakistan

Politics

Pakistan's army chief Asim Munir met with Saudi Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman to discuss Iran's attacks on Saudi Arabia and potential joint measures under their strategic defense agreement, Geo News reported on March 7.

Pakistan, Saudi Arabia: Governments Discuss Joint Measures To Counter Iranian Attacks

Middle East and North Africa

Kuwait

U.S.-Iran Relations

Iran attacked the U.S. embassies in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, resulting in their closures and calls for nonessential U.S. personnel to evacuate from the region, The New York Times reported March 3. 

MENA: Iran Attacks Diplomatic, Military, Commercial Targets in Gulf; Threatens Strait of Hormuz

Turkey

United Arab Emirates

A nuclear cooperation deal between the United States and Saudi Arabia may include provisions for the latter to domestically enrich uranium, Reuters reported on Feb. 19, citing congressional documents. 

U.S., Saudi Arabia: Saudi Nuclear Deal May Include Uranium Enrichment

Somalia

Egypt

Saudi Arabia's and Somalia's defense ministers signed a new defense agreement on the sidelines of the World Defense Show in Riyadh on Feb. 9, the two governments said.

Saudi Arabia, Somalia: Defense Agreement Will Bolster Somalia's Capabilities

Algeria

Algeria began canceling its 2013 air service agreement with the United Arab Emirates, marking the latest deterioration in ties between the two countries, Reuters reported on Feb. 7.

Algeria, UAE: Algeria Begins Canceling Air Service Agreement With UAE

Yemen

In southern Yemen, Saudi Arabia is planning to commit approximately $3 billion to replace subsidies and support previously provided by the United Arab Emirates, Reuters reported Feb. 5, citing Saudi and Yemeni officials.

Yemen: Saudi Arabia Commits $3 Billion to Support Southern Yemen After UAE's Withdrawal

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's Feb. 3 trip to Saudi Arabia yielded multiple agreements, including a deal for Saudi companies to build solar plants in Turkey.

Turkey, Saudi Arabia: Erdogan's Trip to Riyadh Yields Multiple Deals, Cooperation Pledges

Assessments

A digital illustration of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia’s national flags.

Despite having a mutual defense pact with Saudi Arabia, Pakistan will likely only provide the kingdom with low-level defensive and technical support, rather than direct military intervention against Iran, due to various constraints.

In a War With Iran, the Pakistani-Saudi Defense Pact Has Limits 

Qatar

Cargo ships and tankers are seen in the Strait of Hormuz off the coast of Fujairah, the United Arab Emirates, on Feb. 25, 2026. 

Although most of the Middle East's crucial oil and gas assets have so far been spared, a prolonged conflict would raise the risk of material supply disruptions and price shocks, particularly for LNG markets.

How Will the Iran War Impact the World's Oil and Gas Supplies?

Bahrain

Oman

The Crown Plaza on March 1 showing damage from an Iranian military strike in Manama, Bahrain. Iran's attacks will push the Gulf Arab states more toward security alignment with the United States, and threaten their status as a secure investment destination.

Iran's attacks will push the Gulf Arab states more toward security alignment with the United States, and threaten their status as a secure investment destination.

The Implications of Iran's Attacks on the Gulf

Columns

On Geopolitics

Sudan

Iraq

Lebanon

Libya

Syria

A dark earth map of the Middle East with glowing details of cities and human population density areas.

Two blocs are emerging in the Middle East: one focused on preserving existing states and institutions, and the other on creating new ones.

Preservation vs. Fragmentation: Two Paths Toward a New Order in the Middle East

Palestinian Territories

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan (L) and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (R) inspect the honor guard during an official welcoming ceremony at the presidential complex in Ankara, Turkey, on June 22, 2022.

After years of discord, Saudi Arabia and Turkey are finding common ground as they increasingly position themselves against Emirati- and Israeli-backed regional initiatives. 

Saudi Arabia and Turkey's New Regional Alignment

The national flag of Algeria flies near the Bay of Algiers against the backdrop of the old town known as the Casbah and cargo containers in Algiers, Algeria, on Aug. 25, 2022.

Divergences between Algeria and the United Arab Emirates are poised to grow and may lead to a diplomatic break.

Algeria's Grievances With the UAE Deepen Amid Strategic Divergences

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Residents wave Somali flags as they attend a rally denouncing Israel's recognition of the breakaway region of Somaliland at Mogadishu Stadium in Mogadishu, Somalia, on Dec. 30, 2025. 

Two regional alignments are coalescing along the Red Sea and in the Horn of Africa, risking the escalation of proxy conflicts and longstanding rivalries.

The Unfolding Regional Realignments Along the Red Sea and Their Implications

Saudi-backed forces are seen on the outskirts of Yemen's Hadramawt province, where the UAE-backed secessionist Southern Transitional Council (STC) recently launched an offensive, on Jan. 3, 2026. 

Social Issues

The Gulf nations' growing battle for influence is straining bilateral ties and fueling proxy conflicts in places like Yemen and Sudan, though both sides will likely avoid any escalation that could harm their economies.

Saudi Arabia and the UAE Pursue Divergent Paths in a Multipolar World

Venezuela

China

North Korea

South Korea

Ukraine

A U.S. Marine Corps F-35B fighter jet takes off from Jose Aponte de la Torre Airport on December 15, 2025 in Ceiba, Puerto Rico. If U.S. strikes escalate and cause significant casualties, it could make retaliatory measures -- including the arbitrary detention of U.S. citizens in Venezuela or the harassment of energy sector vessels in the region -- more likely.

Russia-Ukraine Conflict

A look at what the coming week will bring -- and a list of recommended RANE articles from the week that was.

The Weekly Rundown: South Korea's President Visits Beijing, U.S. Operations in Venezuela

Snapshots

Residents wave Somaliland flags as they gather to celebrate Israel's announcement recognizing Somaliland's statehood in downtown Hargeisa, on Dec. 26, 2025. 

Israel establishing military facilities in Somaliland would invite Houthi attacks against the territory and raise the likelihood of renewed disruptions to Red Sea shipping.


Israel's Recognition of Somaliland Raises the Stakes Along the Red Sea Corridor 

Yemenis gather during a rally to show their support for the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council (STC), which wants to revive an independent South Yemen, as they wave the old South Yemen flag in Khormaksar Square, in the coastal port city of Aden on Dec. 14, 2025. 

Achieving South Arabian independence will require Yemen's Southern Transitional Council to overcome the historical challenges that have long plagued the governance of Yemen writ large, like tribalism and regionalism.

The Precarious Path to South Arabian Independence

YemenYemenis rally to show their support for the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council on Dec. 14, 2025.

Israel-Hamas Conflict

Escalating tensions and potential violence between the Southern Transitional Council and Saudi-backed forces create security vacuums that Houthi rebels will likely exploit.



Yemen's Anti-Houthi Bloc Is Fracturing

Comprising a majority of the Arabian Peninsula, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is surrounded by Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman and Yemen.  The kingdom's main geographic challenges are controlling its sparsely populated territory and maintaining shipping lanes in the Strait of Hormuz.    Surrounded by vast deserts, the central Najd plateau is the core of Saudi Arabia and is home to the country's capital, Riyadh. Mecca and Medina, Islam's two holiest cities, are protected by mountains in the west and flanked by the Red Sea. The security of these cities is a key to the monarchy's legitimacy.    The collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I set the stage for the House of Saud to unify the territory that became Saudi Arabia in 1932. Oil and natural gas have been the country's main exports and source of wealth since their discovery in 1938.     A restive Eastern Province holds a majority of the kingdom's reserves and makes the country vulnerable to invasion from the north or the Persian Gulf. Cross border tribal ties also expose the kingdom to unrest in the south on the border with Yemen.    A scarcity of fresh water and a small population density limit Saudi Arabia's defensive capabilities. Since the vast majority of Saudi oil exports pass via the Strait of Hormuz chokepoint, the kingdom has historically relied on a foreign power to balance regional rival, Iran and keep the Strait open.    As global oil consumption continues to rise, Saudi Arabia will continue to play a dominant role in the Middle East despite its geographic challenges.

SITUATION REPORTS

Saudi Arabia: Saudi Aramco To Restore 70% of Crude Oil Exports After Whirlwind Oil Trading Day

Pakistan, Saudi Arabia: Governments Discuss Joint Measures To Counter Iranian Attacks

MENA: Iran Attacks Diplomatic, Military, Commercial Targets in Gulf; Threatens Strait of Hormuz

U.S., Saudi Arabia: Saudi Nuclear Deal May Include Uranium Enrichment

Saudi Arabia, Somalia: Defense Agreement Will Bolster Somalia's Capabilities

Algeria, UAE: Algeria Begins Canceling Air Service Agreement With UAE

Yemen: Saudi Arabia Commits $3 Billion to Support Southern Yemen After UAE's Withdrawal

Turkey, Saudi Arabia: Erdogan's Trip to Riyadh Yields Multiple Deals, Cooperation Pledges

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