Estonia

Russia

Environment, Science & Technology

Military & Security

Science & Technology

Estonia's parliament approved legislation expanding the Estonian Defense Forces' authority to use force against foreign civilian vessels that threaten submarine cables, and the new legislation also seeks to clarify the chain of command and accountability for such actions, Estonian public broadcaster ERR reported on April 17. 

Estonia: Navy Gains Authority To Attack Merchant Vessels Threatening Maritime Infrastructure

Lithuania

Latvia

Energy

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania will cut their last major energy link to Russia on Feb. 8, transitioning from the Moscow-controlled Soviet-era BRELL grid to the Continental Europe Synchronous Area on Feb. 9, Politico reported on Feb. 6. 

Baltic States: Exit From Russia-Controlled Grid To Heighten Hybrid Threat Risks

Finland

U.S. and European intelligence agencies believe that recent submarine cable ruptures in the Baltic Sea caused by commercial ships dragging their anchors along the seabed were likely accidental, with investigations reportedly uncovering no definitive evidence of intentional sabotage or links to Moscow, The Washington Post reported on Jan. 19. 

Estonia, Finland, Russia: Baltic Sea Subsea Cable Ruptures Likely Accidental, Not Sabotage

Estonia deployed a military ship to patrol the EstLink 1 subsea power cable after EstLink 2, connecting Finland and Estonia, was disconnected on Dec. 25 following an incident allegedly caused by an oil tanker dragging its anchor along the seabed, Reuters reported Dec. 27.

Estonia, Finland, Russia: Military Vessel Deployed to Patrol Subsea Power Cable Following Suspected Russian Sabotage

Germany

France

Romania

Spain

Italy

Politics

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen unveiled her team of Commissioners, a press release by the Commission shows Sept. 17. 

EU: Von der Leyen Unveils New European Commission

United States

China

Czech Republic

Sweden

Netherlands

Georgia

Economics

Several EU countries -- including Estonia, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and Sweden -- are pushing for sanctions against Georgia, including the suspension of visa-free travel to the bloc, in response to the government's efforts to pass the "foreign agents" bill, the Financial Times reported on May 22.

Georgia: EU Members Push for Sanctions Against Georgia Over 'Foreign Agents' Bill

Luxembourg

Malta

Denmark

Greece

Belgium

Bulgaria

Portugal

Poland

Croatia

Cyprus

Austria

Slovakia

Slovenia

Ireland

Hungary

The European Commission recommended reducing the European Union's net greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2040 compared with 1990 levels, Reuters reported Feb. 6. 

EU: Brussels to Exclude Agriculture from 90% Emissions Reduction Target for 2040

Ukraine

Russia-Ukraine Conflict

European Union member states unanimously agreed to a 50 billion euro ($54 billion) financial support package for Ukraine as part of their joint budget through 2027, for which Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban lifted his veto on the initiative, Reuters reported Feb. 1.

EU, Ukraine: EU Leaders Unanimously Agree to New 50 Billion Euro Aid Package for Kyiv

Snapshots

United Kingdom

Members of the European Parliament take part in voting on the Artificial Intelligence Act during a plenary session at the European Parliament.

Cyber

The EU's recently negotiated Artificial Intelligence Act will bolster the European Union's dominance as a regulatory heavyweight in emerging technologies, yet anticipated enforcement challenges and stringent stipulations with the Act risk impeding AI innovation within the bloc.

EU Lawmakers Clinch Agreement on Artificial Intelligence Act 

Europe

Rail cars loaded with steel sit at the ThyssenKrupp Schwelgern steel plant on May 30, 2018 in Duisburg, Germany. 

The European Union and the United States will increase efforts to deconflict their trade and climate policies ahead of the upcoming U.S. presidential and EU parliamentary elections, but lingering disagreements will not allow for a complete respite of Trump-era tariffs on EU steel and aluminum.

EU-U.S. Steel and Aluminum Negotiations Make Limited Headway

A satellite image shows Europe at night.

Security

EU: Regional Blocs

The New Silk Road

Divided EU Foreign Policies

The U.S. and the Balance of Power

The move shows the White House remains committed to its security and economic engagements in the region, with an eye on countering China and Russia. 

The U.S. Ramps Up Financial Support to Central and Eastern Europe

Assessments

The Russian 9M729 intermediate-range cruise missile was developed in secret had been deployed in small numbers even before the IMF Treaty became defunct.

Echoes of the Cold War

The Fight for Russia’s Borderlands

Moscow would couple any new deployments of its intermediate-range missiles with rhetoric blaming the United States for the treaty's collapse and subsequent weapons buildups.

Russia Approaches a Post-INF Arms Race in Europe With Caution

Global Perspectives

Partner Perspectives

A post marks the beginning of Polish territory on its border with Lithuania.

The U.S. and its NATO allies are looking for new ways to deter Russian aggression against the Baltic states. But policymakers and defense planners have yet to agree on Moscow's intentions in the region.

Threading the Needle Through the Suwalki Gap

Columns

On Geopolitics

European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker (center) and representatives of the Three Seas Initiative take part in a summit on Sept. 18 in Romania.

In many ways, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have never had it so good economically and politically. But brewing problems to the east and west have given them cause for disquiet. 

The Baltic Nations Look Abroad and See Problems

Venezuela

A worker passes a bitcoin mining operation in Quebec in March 2018. Following the boom and (partial) bust of private cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin over the last six months, several central banks are seriously considering introducing their own national digital currencies.

Banking

The 4th Industrial Revolution

Central banks the world over are taking a long, hard look at the exploding cryptocurrency market with an eye to rolling out new types of digital money that would have far-reaching ramifications.

Why Central Banks Could Mint Their Own Digital Currency

The increasing unwillingness of eastern members to heed the EU's demands threatens to deepen the divide between the bloc's west and east.

European Disintegration

Quarrels between the European Union's new member states and their more established neighbors are disrupting the search for harmony on the Continent.

In the EU, East and West Are Falling Out of Tune

Reflections

Montenegro

With visits to Estonia, Georgia and Montenegro, the tour by U.S. Vice President Mike Pence is meant to reassure nervous allies on the front lines of the Russia-West standoff.

On his visit to Europe's borderlands, U.S. Vice President Mike Pence reassured allies that Washington supports them against Moscow.

The U.S. Offers Cool Comfort as Tension With Russia Heats Up

Bosnia and Herzegovina

North Macedonia

Serbia

Albania

Supply Chains

China in Transition

Despite its goal to foster integration throughout Eurasia, Beijing has so far emphasized bilateral or subregional agreements with its Belt and Road projects in Europe, an approach that has raised the suspicions of the bloc's central powers.

For China, All Roads (and Belts) Lead to Europe

China's Belt and Road Initiative

Syria

Afghanistan

While tensions between the two seem to have cooled, more areas of competition are opening up.

The Syrian Civil War

The Fight Against the Islamic State

The Ukraine Conflict

The Jihadist Wars

Russia's encroachment into areas of U.S. interest have prompted America's involvement, in return, in strategic theaters important to Moscow. On Tuesday, two U.S. Air Force F-35A fighter jets arrived at Estonia's Amari air base in a high-profile show of support for the small but strategic NATO member state on Russia's doorstep. Rather than being an isolated act, such activity is a sign of things to come. 

Moves and Countermoves in the U.S.-Russia Rivalry

Azerbaijan

Turkey

Picking Up Where the West Leaves Off

Eastern European and Eurasian states will have to fend for themselves. 

Estonia lies in Eastern Europe and it shares a border with Russia to the east and Latvia to the south. Baltic waters separate Estonia from Finland and Sweden, which lie to the north and west, respectively. Estonia has a population of roughly 1.3 million, most of whom live in the country's capital city of Tallinn. After a long history of domination by foreign powers, Estonia's main geopolitical challenge is to remain independent.     Estonia's foreign policy is focused primarily on deterring Russian aggression by maintaining close political, economic and military ties with the European Union, NATO and the United States. Estonia is one of the few NATO members that meets the alliance's requirements for defense spending and, in recent years, has become a leader in cybersecurity issues. Still, most of the natural gas Estonians consume comes from Russia, and about a quarter of the country's population speaks Russian.     Estonia's strategic position at the crossroads of multiple trade markets and its access to the Baltic Sea have made it attractive for invaders. A small, flat country, Estonia is surrounded by powerful neighbors and easy to invade. Because of this, modern day Estonia spent centuries under foreign rule from Denmark, Sweden and Russia. Estonia became independent in 1918 but was absorbed by the Soviet Union during World War II. After it regained independence in 1991, Estonia became a member of the European Union and NATO in 2004, and it joined the eurozone in 2010.     Estonia's economy is deeply integrated with those of its northern neighbors, Sweden and Finland. In recent decades, Estonia has developed an open, dynamic economy with a large information technology center. However, the country also faces challenges from a declining population, because emigration rates are high and birthrates are below the replacement level. 

SITUATION REPORTS

Estonia: Navy Gains Authority To Attack Merchant Vessels Threatening Maritime Infrastructure

Baltic States: Exit From Russia-Controlled Grid To Heighten Hybrid Threat Risks

Estonia, Finland, Russia: Baltic Sea Subsea Cable Ruptures Likely Accidental, Not Sabotage

Estonia, Finland, Russia: Military Vessel Deployed to Patrol Subsea Power Cable Following Suspected Russian Sabotage

EU: Von der Leyen Unveils New European Commission

Georgia: EU Members Push for Sanctions Against Georgia Over 'Foreign Agents' Bill

EU: Brussels to Exclude Agriculture from 90% Emissions Reduction Target for 2040

EU, Ukraine: EU Leaders Unanimously Agree to New 50 Billion Euro Aid Package for Kyiv

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