<p>Everything that informs geopolitics can be found in South Asia: challenging demographics, geographic diversity, and contentious, ill-defined borders. The Himalayan Mountains form the northern border of South Asia, whose two main rivers, the Indus and the Ganges, support the region&rsquo;s great population centers. India is the region&rsquo;s dominant country, home to the world&rsquo;s fastest growing economy. But its rivalry with neighboring Pakistan, a fellow nuclear power and growing consumer market, has made South Asia one of the world&rsquo;s most dangerous nuclear flashpoints. The region is also a testament to how militancy and militarism can undermine the regional integration needed to unleash higher economic growth.</p>

Everything that informs geopolitics can be found in South Asia: challenging demographics, geographic diversity, and contentious, ill-defined borders. 

South Asia

Afghanistan

Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Maldives

Nepal

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

The India-Pakistan Rivalry

The Politics of Pipelines

Banking

Crossing Borders

Globalization

Social Issues

The Pulse of Political Islam

Instability in Central Asia

South Asian Militancy

India's Own Worst Enemy

Pakistan: A Military With a Country

Assessments

Russia

Russian President Vladimir Putin and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi hold a meeting on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit in Tianjin on Sept. 1, 2025.

Economics

Energy

Global Trade

Military & Security

While Putin's Dec. 4-5 visit may yield some progress in defense, energy and trade cooperation, India will likely maintain selective engagement with Russia as it navigates U.S. pressure and continues diversifying its arms suppliers.

What To Expect as Putin Visits India

Honduras

China

Europe

Ukraine

Russian President Vladimir Putin greets Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi for their bilateral meeting during the 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit.

Politics

Russia-Ukraine Conflict

A look at what the coming week will bring -- and a list of recommended RANE articles from the week that was.

The Weekly Rundown: Putin-Modi Meeting, Honduras General Election

Employees work at a garment factory in Tiruppur, in India's southern state of Tamil Nadu, on Sept. 23, 2025.

While the reforms will eventually create a more competitive, transparent and predictable labor market, the potential for uneven state-level adoption and protests will create challenges for companies in the near term. 

India's Labor Code Reforms: Opportunities and Implementation Challenges

Chile

United States

Venezuela

Israel

Saudi Arabia

Cambodia

Thailand

People watch the USS Gravely, a Navy warship, departing the Port of Spain on Oct. 30, 2025. The U.S. warship arrived in Trinidad and Tobago on Oct. 26, 2025, for joint exercises near the coast of Venezuela, as Washington ratcheted up pressure on drug traffickers and Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro.

The Weekly Rundown: U.S.-Saudi Meeting, Military Escalation in the Caribbean

Pakistan's armed forces march in the country's National Day parade in Islamabad on March 23, 2024. 

Pakistan's new constitutional amendment threatens to sow political division over growing military powers, a weakening judiciary and reduced civilian oversight.

Pakistan's New Constitutional Amendment Reforms the Military and Judiciary

Firefighters douse a car at the suicide blast site in Islamabad, Pakistan, on Nov. 11, 2025. 

While unlikely to trigger immediate retaliation, recent explosions in both New Delhi and Islamabad will sustain the risk of renewed cross-border strikes should either country determine the other was culpable.

Back-to-Back Blasts in India and Pakistan Raise Fears of Another Escalation

Media

Podcasts

How do recent protests in Nepal compare to those in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka?

Essential Geopolitics: Political Instability in South Asia

The Central Bank of Sri Lanka logo is seen outside the bank's headquarters in Colombo on July 6, 2023.

The IMF will likely approve the fifth review of Sri Lanka's $2.9 billion bailout due to the country's strong fiscal performance, debt restructuring progress and political stability, though high poverty and delayed state-enterprise reforms pose ongoing risks.

Sri Lanka on Track To Unlock Next IMF Disbursement, but Challenges Remain

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Fire rages through the Singha Durbar, the main administrative building for the Nepal government, in Kathmandu on Sept. 9, 2025, after youth protesters set fire to the building. 

Recent events in Nepal, Madagascar and elsewhere show how digitally coordinated, leaderless protests can succeed, but eventually face even larger challenges in sustaining the momentum for change.

Worldwide Gen Z Protesters May Be Disappointed With Their Success

Snapshots

Representatives of various Bangladeshi political parties present the July National Charter at the South Plaza of the National Parliament in Dhaka on Oct. 17, 2025. 

The proposed reforms underscore efforts by some of Bangladesh's main political forces to curb the concentration of power, strengthen democratic institutions and ensure greater accountability and transparency.

Uncertainty Over Bangladesh Charter Implementation Will Sustain Risks of Unrest

Australia

Australia imposed financial sanctions and a travel ban on Afghanistan's minister of virtue and vice, minister of higher education, minister of justice and chief justice for alleged complicity in oppressing women and girls as well as minority groups in Afghanistan, among other offenses, according to a statement Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade released on Dec. 6. 

Australia, Afghanistan: Australia Sanctions Afghan Taliban Officials Over Alleged Human Rights Concerns

During his Dec. 4-5 visit, Russian President Vladimir Putin met Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi, and both agreed to expand and diversify trade, Reuters reported on Dec. 5.

India, Russia: Putin and Modi Agree To Deepen India-Russia Trade

Cyber

Environment, Science & Technology

India's government withdrew its mandate requiring smartphone makers to preload a state-run cybersecurity app on new devices, Reuters reported on Dec. 3.

India: Facing Backlash, Government Withdraws Cybersecurity App Requirement

India's telecommunications ministry directed smartphone manufacturers to preload all new devices with the state-run cybersecurity app Sanchar Saathi, which users would be unable to remove, AP reported on Dec. 2. 

India: Government Directs Smartphone Makers To Preload State-Run Cybersecurity App

Turkmenistan

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan formally notified partners in the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) consortium of its intention to acquire an up to 30% stake in the long-delayed gas pipeline project, Interfax reported Nov. 25.

Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan: Astana Seeks 30% Stake in TAPI Pipeline Consortium

Afghan Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said the group would provide a "necessary response" at the "appropriate time" after accusing Pakistan of striking Khost province and executing raids in Kunar and Paktika provinces in Afghanistan around midnight Nov. 25, actions Mujahid claimed killed at least nine civilians and wounded four others, Ariana News reported Nov. 25.

Afghanistan, Pakistan: Tensions Resurge After Afghan Taliban Accuses Pakistan of Retaliatory Strikes

India announced the implementation of four new labor codes aimed at modernizing and streamlining the country's decades-old labor laws, Bloomberg reported on Nov. 21.

India: Federal Government Implements Labor Codes

Bangladesh's Supreme Court reinstated the practice of installing a nonpartisan caretaker government to oversee the conduct of free and fair national elections, AP reported on Nov. 20.

Bangladesh: Caretaker Government System To Resume After the Next Election

South Asia

SITUATION REPORTS

Australia, Afghanistan: Australia Sanctions Afghan Taliban Officials Over Alleged Human Rights Concerns

India, Russia: Putin and Modi Agree To Deepen India-Russia Trade

India: Facing Backlash, Government Withdraws Cybersecurity App Requirement

India: Government Directs Smartphone Makers To Preload State-Run Cybersecurity App

Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan: Astana Seeks 30% Stake in TAPI Pipeline Consortium

Afghanistan, Pakistan: Tensions Resurge After Afghan Taliban Accuses Pakistan of Retaliatory Strikes

India: Federal Government Implements Labor Codes

Bangladesh: Caretaker Government System To Resume After the Next Election

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