AssessmentsDec 16, 2025 | 22:09 GMT

The Geopolitics of Trade: Central Asia's Struggle for Logistics Sovereignty
Central Asia's strategic location between Russia, China and Europe will enhance its role in evolving Eurasian trade routes, but rival agendas, uneven financing, weak regional coordination, and governance and security risks will limit the region's rise as a true continental hub. Russia's war in Ukraine, persistent shocks to global supply chains and China's recalibrated Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have positioned Central Asia from a peripheral transit zone into a central area of great power competition. The region's five states -- Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan -- now sit at the junction of competing east-west and north-south corridors, where the build-out of transport and energy infrastructure creates strategic opportunities but also heightens exposure to geopolitical fragmentation and external pressure. Despite this renewed external attention, Central Asian states' landlocked geography imposes some of the world's highest trade costs, making improved connectivity an economic imperative. Compounding this geographic challenge, long-standing institutional
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